TECHNICAL SERVICES BULLETIN, May 2001
(1 of 3 pages)

FPRF Meeting Review and Schedule

Following a very diverse but highly praised program provided at the “FPRF Emerging Issues and Opportunities” Seminar several requests have been made for the speaker’s presentations. In order to acquire speakers of the caliber, timeliness and interest that past few seminars have assembled manuscripts and written presentations have not been required. It is therefore important that you or a company representative attend! The next seminar is scheduled at the October 15-16, 2001 meeting in Naples, Florida.

A brief “take home message” review of the April 2001 presentations are as follows and if you have any specific questions or need for information please advise and we will attempt to acquire it.

Dr. Randy Walker – Land O’Lakes
“The Use of Animal By-Products in Swine Rations”

It is projected that animal protein ingredients especially meat and bone meal will be used less sparingly in swine rations due to consumer influences. The advent of niche markets for both feed and meat products will increase to include even more incidences of “no animal protein products” being marketed. A recent grow-finishing swine trial completed by L O L did not demonstrate a nutritional or economic benefit for using either 5% or 7.5% meat and bone meal in the ration.

“The livestock and rendering industries must redefine the value of animal by-products taking into consideration all of the economic environmental and consumer perception factors”.

Dr. George Fahey – University of Illinois
“The Use of Animal By-Products in Companion Animal Diets”

There are approximately 67 million dogs and 65 million cats in the US. Thus the pet food growth has averaged 4-7% per year. Animal by-products are a primary component of pet foods but both grains and oil seed ingredients are used with increasing frequency and levels. The variability that exists in animal protein ingredients exceeds that of any other ingredient group. Many excellent illustrations are available for high apparent digestibility for the nutrients supplied by animal proteins but the large variability that exists is a negative. The FPRF completed study that digestibility values as obtained using the Cecotomized rooster assay is an excellent predictor for use in petfoods.

“Concentration on quality, biosecurity and keeping nutrient specifications within low tolerances for variability will continue to be important for petfood ingredients.”

Dr. Ric Grummer – University of Wisconsin
“Update – On Dairy NRC – 2001”

The newly revised NRC-Dairy has resulted in several nutrient value changes. Of significance are animal fat energy and digestibility values. “Tallow has been lowered in percent digestibility and metabolizable energy values in the new publication.”

Dr. Bruce Miller – Pennsylvania State University Energy Institute
“Animal By-Products and Fuel Sources”

The institute capabilities are for fundamental and applied research for the utilization of fuel sources and assessing environmental issues. An FPRF project has been under consideration since October 2000 to generate a database for fuel characteristics and emission factors when firing animal fats/recycled greases as alternative sources.

Mr. Tim Haig and Dr. David Boocock – biox Inc. and University of Toronto
“Biodiesel Production Technology”

This patent pending process utilizes a co-solvent; base catalyzed one phase process. The advantages presented were those of a continuous process with significant reduction in process time and the success achieved when using feedstocks of high free fatty acid content. The goal of the biox process is to produce biodiesel from any feedstock at a cost of 15-20 cents/litre (CND).

Mr. Brian Appel and Mr. Paul Halberstadt
Changing World Technologies and ConAgra
“Thermo Depolymerization and Chemical Reformer”

A review of a patented process that converts organic wastes of all types into products for commercial use to include fuels. The process incorporates temperatures of up to 250°C and pressure of 600 PSI for 5 to 30 minutes. Though no data were presented the inference was made to possible prion inactivation. A joint venture has been signed with ConAgri Foods to form the limited partnership of Renewable Environmental Solutions, L.L.C.

Dr. John Starkey – US Poultry and Egg Association
“Recent Research related to Processing Water Derived Proteins Sources” (sludge)

A review of the issues and research concerning processing and utilization of processing plant biosolids was presented. An industry summary of a specific study is presented within this Technical Services Bulletin.

Mr. Scott Herbert – Omega Proteins

A basic review of the fish meal industry both domestically and internationally was presented. The 2000 catch approximately 70 % of that in 1999. The projections are not different for this season. Oil yield has generally been lower. All of these factors have given strength to pricing, which is projected to be the standard during this current year.

EVALUATION OF BIOSOLIDS FROM POULTRY PROCESSING PLANT EFFLUENT TO ENHANCE ITS UTILIZATION IN ANIMAL NUTRITION

Denzil Maurice, Ph.D., C.N.S., Professor
Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0361

Industry Summary

Organic matter (biosolids) in poultry processing plant effluent must be reduced to meet legal discharge specifications. This is commonly achieved by dissolved air flotation (DAF) using chemicals to flocculate suspended biosolids. The high moisture and iron content, susceptibility to rancidity, and offensive odor of DAF biosolids (DAFB) create problems in handling and disposal. The problem has been aggravated by accelerated growth of the industry, coupled with increased tipping charges, limited availability of land, and social and environmental concern.

The objectives of this project were to chemically characterize the fractions derived from DAFB, ascertain factors that affect the composition of DAFB, and evaluate them as feed ingredients. The nutritional value of the test materials (DAFB fat and DAFB meal) was evaluates in the diets of broilers, broiler breeders, and layers.

The fatty acid content of DAFB fat was similar to feed grade poultry fat and other feed grade fats. Despite the harsh processing there was no evidence of a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The peroxide value of DAFB fat increased with the iron content and was 30% higher in fall when compared to other seasons. The high- and low-iron DAFB meals differed in the amount of protein and fat and this was reflected in the amino acid and energy content. Timely use of adequate antioxidants reduced to broiler diets to market age the performance was comparable to other feed fats. There was no evidence of reduced tissue levels of vitamins E and C when DAFB fat or meal was used. Moisture content of the DAFB meal was the prime determinant of its nutritional value. High moisture high-iron DAFB meal induced vitamin E deficiency but low moisture high-iron meals at 2-4% supported performance and health of broilers, broiler breeders, and caged layers. The low-iron DAFB meal supported a slightly higher level of performance but with both meals there was no evidence of adverse biochemical responses suggesting the poor availability of iron in DAFB meal.

The results of the project demonstrated that DAFB fractions, even the high iron meal, could be used as feed ingredients without compromising productivity and indices of nutritional adequacy. The results will provide guidelines for their use in poultry diets and encourage the processing of DAFB as a means to reduce its environmental impact.

*Provided by the US Poultry and Egg Proteins and Fat Council. The paper in its entirety is available upon request.

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